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ThermodynamicsBrayton CycleGas Turbine

Gas Turbine & Brayton Cycle Workspace

A comprehensive gas turbine performance simulator based on the Brayton cycle. Analyze compressor and turbine work, net power output, thermal efficiency, and exhaust temperature with real-time visualization of the thermodynamic process.

Cycle Parameters

r

Compressor discharge pressure / inlet pressure

K

Temperature at turbine entry (combustor outlet)

kg/s

Working fluid mass flow through the engine

%

Isentropic efficiency of the compressor

%

Isentropic efficiency of the turbine

Brayton Cycle Flow

COMPRESSOR684.0 KCOMBUSTOR1400.0 KFUELTURBINE736.3 KEXHAUSTη_th = 44.3%
Brayton cycle active
ṁ = 50 kg/s · πc = 15

Cycle Performance

Resolved

Compressor Work

19.89 kkW

Turbine Work

38.10 kkW

Net Power

18.20 kkW

Thermal Efficiency

44.3%

Exhaust Temp

736.3 K

Power Ratio

52.2%

Specific Work

364.04 kW·s/kg

Temperature Profile

T₁ (Ambient)288.1 K
T₂ (After Compressor)684.0 K
T₃ (Turbine Inlet)1400.0 K
T₄ (Exhaust)736.3 K

ΔT_comp

395.9 K

ΔT_turb

663.7 K

TIT

1400.0 K

Cycle

Thermal Efficiency

44.3%

Power

Net Output

18.20 k kW

Mechanical

RPM Estimate

13416 RPM

Operating Points

Compressor Work Ratio

52.2%

of turbine work

Specific Fuel Consumption

0.63 g/kWh

Simplified estimate

T₂s (Ideal)

624.7 K

T₂ (Actual)

684.0 K

T₄s (Ideal)

645.8 K

T₄ (Actual)

736.3 K

Thermal Assessment

Good efficiency. Consider increasing pressure ratio for further improvement.

01 / Brayton Cycle

Ideal & Real Cycle Analysis

The Brayton cycle is the thermodynamic model for gas turbine engines. It consists of isentropic compression, constant-pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant-pressure heat rejection.

Engineering note

Real gas turbine cycles include component inefficiencies (ηc, ηt) which reduce the net work output compared to the ideal Brayton cycle. The compressor consumes a significant portion (40-70%) of the turbine's power output.


02 / Pressure Ratio

Compressor Pressure Ratio Effect

Increasing the pressure ratio (πc) improves thermal efficiency but requires higher turbine inlet temperature and increases compressor work.

Design Note

Modern aero-derivative gas turbines operate at pressure ratios of 30:1 to 40:1, while industrial turbines typically range from 10:1 to 25:1. Higher pressure ratios require advanced materials and cooling technologies.


03 / Turbine Inlet Temperature

TIT & Material Limits

Turbine inlet temperature (TIT) is the most limiting parameter in gas turbine design. Higher TIT improves efficiency but requires advanced cooling and materials.

Material Limits

Conventional alloys~1,000°C
Superalloys (Inconel)~1,100°C
Advanced ceramics / TBC~1,400°C
With film cooling~1,600°C

04 / Mathematical Roots

Algorithm & Core Equations

The solver uses the Brayton cycle equations with component efficiencies to calculate performance parameters.

Governing Formula

T_{2s} = T_1 cdot pi_c^{(gamma-1)/gamma}
T₂sK

Ideal compressor exit temp

T₁K

Ambient temperature

πc

Pressure ratio

γ

Specific heat ratio

Governing Formula

eta_{th} = frac{W_t - W_c}{Q_{in}}
ηth

Thermal efficiency

WtW

Turbine work

WcW

Compressor work

QinW

Heat input

TypeScript — Brayton Cycle Solver
// Constants
const GAMMA_AIR = 1.4;
const CP_AIR = 1005;   // J/kg·K
const CP_GAS = 1148;   // J/kg·K
const T_AMBIENT = 288.15; // 15°C

function solveBraytonCycle(
  rp: number,      // pressure ratio
  tit: number,     // turbine inlet temp (K)
  mdot: number,    // mass flow (kg/s)
  etaC: number,    // compressor efficiency
  etaT: number,    // turbine efficiency
) {
  // Compressor
  const rp_gamma = Math.pow(rp, (GAMMA_AIR - 1) / GAMMA_AIR);
  const t2s = T_AMBIENT * rp_gamma;
  const t2 = T_AMBIENT + (t2s - T_AMBIENT) / etaC;
  const Wc = mdot * CP_AIR * (t2 - T_AMBIENT);

  // Combustor (heat input)
  const t3 = tit;
  const Qin = mdot * CP_GAS * (t3 - t2);

  // Turbine
  const t4s = t3 / rp_gamma;
  const t4 = t3 - etaT * (t3 - t4s);
  const Wt = mdot * CP_GAS * (t3 - t4);

  // Performance
  const Wnet = Wt - Wc;
  const etaTh = Wnet / Qin;

  return { Wc, Wt, Wnet, etaTh, t4, t2, t2s, t4s, Qin };
}

Engineering Scope & Limitations

Ideal Gas Assumption

The solver uses constant specific heats (air standard assumptions). Real gas effects would require more complex models.

Component Models

Compressor and turbine efficiencies are assumed constant. In reality, efficiency varies with operating conditions and speed.

Mechanical Losses

The model does not include gearbox losses, bearing friction, or auxiliary loads. These would reduce the net output.