Expansion View

Carbon Steel

Carbon steel has a moderate coefficient of thermal expansion and is widely used in frames, shafts, pressure vessels, and machine components.

Linear CTE

≈ 12

Unit

×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹

Coefficient Reference Table

Common Engineering Metal

Material	Typical α	Approx. Range	Typical Use
Carbon Steel	≈ 12 ×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹	11–13	Machine frames, shafts, pressure vessels

Expansion View

Aluminum Alloy

Aluminum expands more than steel for the same temperature change. Thermal expansion should be considered in heat exchangers, rails, and precision assemblies.

Linear CTE

≈ 23

Unit

×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹

Coefficient Reference Table

Lightweight Engineering Metal

Material	Typical α	Approx. Range	Typical Use
Aluminum Alloy	≈ 23 ×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹	21–24	Heat exchangers, aircraft, housings

Expansion View

Stainless Steel 304

Austenitic stainless steel generally has a higher thermal expansion coefficient than carbon steel, especially across elevated-temperature operating ranges.

Linear CTE

≈ 17.3

Unit

×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹

Coefficient Reference Table

Corrosion-Resistant Metal

Material	Typical α	Approx. Range	Typical Use
Stainless Steel 304	≈ 17.3 ×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹	16–18	Process equipment, piping, food machinery