Galvanic Corrosion
Anode(-)Cathode(+)Electrolytee⁻Galvanic Corrosion Cell

Galvanic Series

The galvanic series ranks metals and alloys based on their electrical potential in seawater. Metals at the top (anodic) are more active and corrode preferentially when coupled with metals at the bottom (cathodic/noble).

Anodic
Active / Corrodes
Cathodic
Passive / Protected
Noble
Most Resistant

Galvanic Series in Seawater

27 Materials
Metal / AlloyPotential (V)CategoryTypeNote
Magnesium-1.60Very ActiveAnodic
Magnesium Alloys-1.60Very ActiveAnodic
Zinc-1.03ActiveAnodicGalvanized steel
Aluminum 1100-0.75ActiveActive
Aluminum 2024-T4-0.60ActiveActive
Aluminum 7075-T6-0.60ActiveActive
Cadmium-0.82ActiveActive
Carbon Steel (1010)-0.60ActiveActive
Cast Iron-0.60ActiveActive
Low Alloy Steel (4140)-0.60ActiveActive
Stainless Steel (Active)-0.50Stainless SteelActive
Lead-0.40ActiveActive
Tin-0.40ActiveActive
Brass-0.35Copper AlloysActive
Copper-0.35Copper AlloysActive
Bronze-0.30Copper AlloysActive
Nickel (Active)-0.30Nickel AlloysActive
Monel 400-0.20Nickel AlloysActive
Titanium (Active)-0.10TitaniumActive
Stainless Steel (Passive)+0.10Stainless SteelPassive316, 304 passive
Nickel (Passive)+0.15Nickel AlloysPassive
Monel 400 (Passive)+0.20Nickel AlloysPassive
Titanium (Passive)+0.30TitaniumPassive
Silver+0.45Noble MetalsNoble
Gold+0.80Noble MetalsNoble
Platinum+0.95Noble MetalsNoble
Graphite+1.00Non-MetalNoble

Material Compatibility Guide

15 Pairs
Metal 1Metal 2CompatibilityRecommendation
AluminumCarbon SteelUnsafeUse insulation or coating
AluminumStainless SteelCautionUse zinc anodes or coating
AluminumCopperUnsafeAvoid direct contact
AluminumTitaniumUnsafeAvoid direct contact
Carbon SteelStainless SteelCautionUse coating or cathodic protection
Carbon SteelCopperCautionUse insulation or coating
Carbon SteelBrassCautionUse insulation or coating
Carbon SteelZincSafeZinc acts as sacrificial anode
Stainless SteelCopperCautionAcceptable in some applications
Stainless SteelTitaniumCautionUse insulation
Stainless SteelNickel AlloySafeClose in galvanic series
CopperBrassSafeSimilar materials
CopperBronzeSafeSimilar materials
ZincCarbon SteelSafeZinc protects steel
ZincCopperUnsafeRapid zinc corrosion