Thermodynamics & Heat Transfer
Basic Concepts and Definitions
Thermodynamics studies energy, heat, work, and the properties of matter and thei...
Brayton Cycle
The Brayton cycle (gas-turbine cycle) is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that m...
Carnot Cycle
The Carnot cycle is an idealized reversible heat engine cycle operating between ...
Closed Systems
Closed systems (control mass) are thermodynamic systems in which a fixed amount ...
Combustion
Combustion is a rapid exothermic chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidize...
Compressors
Compressors are turbomachines or positive-displacement devices that increase the...
Diesel Cycle
The ideal Diesel cycle is a four-step thermodynamic model for compression-igniti...
Dual Cycle
The dual (mixed) cycle is an air‑standard internal combustion cycle that models ...
Enthalpy
Enthalpy (H) is a thermodynamic state function defined as H = U + pV for a syste...
Entropy
Entropy is a state function that quantifies the dispersal of energy and the numb...
Exergy
Exergy (also called availability) is the maximum useful work obtainable from a s...
The First Law of Thermodynamics
The First Law of Thermodynamics is a statement of energy conservation for thermo...
Gas Mixtures
Gas mixtures (ideal) are composed of two or more gaseous species that share the ...
Gas Turbines
Gas turbines operate on the Brayton (or Joule) cycle: air is compressed, fuel is...
Heat Pumps
A heat pump is a device that transfers thermal energy from a lower-temperature r...
Humid Air / Psychrometry
Psychrometry (humid air) studies the thermodynamic and transport properties of a...
Ideal Gases
Ideal gas theory models a dilute gas in which (1) molecules are point particles ...
Nozzles and Diffusers
Nozzles and diffusers are steady-flow aerodynamic devices that convert between p...
Open Systems
Open systems (control volumes) are thermodynamic systems through which mass and ...
Otto Cycle
The Otto cycle is the idealized thermodynamic cycle for spark-ignition (SI) inte...
Pure Substances and Phase Transitions
Pure substances have distinct phases (solid, liquid, vapor) with phase boundarie...
Rankine Cycle
The Rankine cycle is the basic thermodynamic cycle for steam power plants. It co...
Real Gases
Real gases deviate from ideal-gas behaviour because of finite molecular size and...
Refrigeration Cycles
Refrigeration cycles transfer heat from a low-temperature reservoir to a higher-...
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
The Second Law of Thermodynamics establishes the direction of spontaneous proces...
Steam Turbines
Steam turbines convert thermal energy of steam into mechanical work by expansion...
Systems and Control Volumes
A system (control mass) is a fixed amount of matter tracked through time; no mas...
Systems with Continuous Flow
Systems with Continuous Flow (control-volume, steady or unsteady) describe mass ...
Vapor and Vapor Tables
Vapor and vapor tables concern the thermodynamic properties of a pure substance ...
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two thermodynamic systems A and ...