Beam Configuration
PPin-Roller

Simply Supported Beam

Pin-Roller Supports

Beam supported by a pin at one end and roller at the other. Most common structural configuration. Allows rotation at both ends and horizontal movement at one end.

Load Cases
5 cases
Determinacy
Statically Determinate

Loading Cases & Formulas

Linear Elastic
Loading CaseDiagramMax Shear (V)Max Moment (M)Max Deflection (δ)Location
Central Point LoadP at L/2Vmax = P/2Mmax = PL/4δmax = PL3/(48EI)δ at x = L/2
Point Load (any position)P at aVmax = Pb/L (at A)Mmax = Pab/L (at load)δmax = Pb(L2-b2)3/2/(9√3EIL)δ at x = √(L2-b2)/3
Uniformly Distributedw (N/m)Vmax = wL/2 (at supports)Mmax = wL2/8 (at center)δmax = 5wL4/(384EI)δ at x = L/2
Triangular Load (symmetric)w0 at centerVmax = w0L/4 (at supports)Mmax = w0L2/12 (at center)δmax = w0L4/(120EI)δ at x = L/2
Moment at one endM0 at AV = M0/L (constant)Mmax = M0 (at A)δmax = M0L2/(9√3EI)δ at x = L/√3

Variable Definitions

P
Point load (N)
w, w0
Distributed load (N/m)
L
Beam length (m)
E
Young's modulus (Pa)
I
Moment of inertia (m4)
EI
Flexural rigidity
Beam Configuration
PδmaxFixed-Free

Cantilever Beam

Fixed-Free End

Beam fixed at one end and free at the other. Common in balconies, canopies, and brackets. Maximum moment and deflection occur at different locations than simply supported beams.

Load Cases
5 cases
Determinacy
Statically Determinate

Loading Cases & Formulas

Linear Elastic
Loading CaseDiagramMax Shear (V)Max Moment (M)Max Deflection (δ)Location
Point Load (at free end)P at BVmax = P (constant)Mmax = PL (at fixed)δmax = PL3/(3EI)δ at x = L (free end)
Point Load (any position)P at aV = P (0 to a)Mmax = Pa (at fixed)δmax = Pa2(3L-a)/(6EI)δ at x = L (free end)
Uniformly Distributedw (N/m)Vmax = wL (at fixed)Mmax = wL2/2 (at fixed)δmax = wL4/(8EI)δ at x = L (free end)
Triangular Load (max at fixed)w0 at AVmax = w0L/2 (at fixed)Mmax = w0L2/6 (at fixed)δmax = w0L4/(30EI)δ at x = L (free end)
Moment at free endM0 at BV = 0M = M0 (constant)δmax = M0L2/(2EI)δ at x = L (free end)

Variable Definitions

P
Point load (N)
w, w0
Distributed load (N/m)
L
Beam length (m)
E
Young's modulus (Pa)
I
Moment of inertia (m4)
EI
Flexural rigidity
Beam Configuration
PδmaxFixed-Fixed

Fixed-Fixed Beam

Both Ends Fixed

Beam with both ends rigidly fixed against rotation. Stiffer than simply supported with lower deflections. Indeterminate structure requiring compatibility equations.

Load Cases
3 cases
Determinacy
Indeterminate (3rd degree)

Loading Cases & Formulas

Linear Elastic
Loading CaseDiagramMax Shear (V)Max Moment (M)Max Deflection (δ)Location
Central Point LoadP at L/2Vmax = P/2 (at supports)Mmax = PL/8 (at supports & center)δmax = PL3/(192EI)δ at x = L/2
Uniformly Distributedw (N/m)Vmax = wL/2 (at supports)Mmax = wL2/12 (at supports)δmax = wL4/(384EI)δ at x = L/2
Point Load (any position)P at aVA = Pb2(3a+b)/L3MA = Pa2b/L2, MB = Pab2/L2δ at load = Pa3b3/(3EIL3)δ at x = a

Variable Definitions

P
Point load (N)
w, w0
Distributed load (N/m)
L
Beam length (m)
E
Young's modulus (Pa)
I
Moment of inertia (m4)
EI
Flexural rigidity
Beam Configuration
PFixed-Pin

Propped Cantilever

Fixed-Pin Supports

Beam fixed at one end and simply supported at the other. Statically indeterminate (degree 1). Combines characteristics of cantilever and simply supported beams.

Load Cases
2 cases
Determinacy
Indeterminate (1st degree)

Loading Cases & Formulas

Linear Elastic
Loading CaseDiagramMax Shear (V)Max Moment (M)Max Deflection (δ)Location
Point Load (center)P at L/2Vmax = 11P/16 (at pin)Mmax = 3PL/16 (at fixed)δmax = 0.0093PL3/EIδ at x ≈ 0.45L
Uniformly Distributedw (N/m)Vmax = 5wL/8 (at pin)Mmax = wL2/8 (at fixed)δmax = wL4/(185EI)δ at x ≈ 0.42L

Variable Definitions

P
Point load (N)
w, w0
Distributed load (N/m)
L
Beam length (m)
E
Young's modulus (Pa)
I
Moment of inertia (m4)
EI
Flexural rigidity